Hello, Everyone! I hope the beginning of December finds you well. I know this is generally a crazy time of year for folks. Let me know if there are any absences due to travel coming up so I can prepare as best I can for your child. Some Language Arts activities are hard to send without instruction. In that case, your child will be given the appropriate amount of days to complete make up work.
Language Arts: We are continuing our author study of Chris Van Allsburg. So far the students are realizing that all his books seem to have some bit of magic or mystery to them. In addition, he does his own artwork, mostly pencil drawings that are phenomenal. The kids are also determining the changes the characters go through and the theme of each story. They are loving getting to find the author's dog, Fritz, hidden somewhere in each book. In writing we are completing our expository piece on which animals make the best pets. We will begin brainstorming for or next expository on Wednesday. Our new prompt will be about traditions they celebrate each year. It might help the kids a lot if you chat about your family traditions in the car or at the dinner table tonight and tomorrow. Many grammar skills are being revisited or taught this week, including commonly misspelled words (i.e. your, you're). Social Studies: This week the kids will begin learning about explorers who came through Texas. They will be creating a comic book about the journey of one of the explorers we study. Please continue to have your child read each night 25 or more minutes. You may also check out the helpful links tab at the top to find some websites for reading and writing extra practice. I hope everyone enjoyed their Thanksgiving holidays. It was nice to relax with family and friends and NOT set an alarm for awhile. Everyone returned today well-rested and ready to learn.
This week in Language Arts (reading) we are shifting our focus to an author study. We will be studying Chris Van Allsburg together this week. Next week the students will continue that study in small groups. We are learning about an author through his work. Does he add details that mirror his own life? Do all of his books have similar settings, plots, characters, etc.? What is the problem and solution in each story and what theme can you apply to each book. The kids enjoy this unit each year. Today, Monday, we read the author's very first book, The Garden of Abdul Gasazi. We will be exploring multi leveled questions about each story to really allow the kids to think deeply about the stories. In Language Arts (writing) we will revisit subjects and predicates and move forward with those by expanding sentences and understanding the difference between complete subject/predicate and simple subject/predicate. We will also work on compound sentences and complex sentences. Before the break, we began an expository piece. All students at this point have done the planning. All that is left is writing the draft and revising/editing. We revisited it today and completed the planning page. Tomorrow we will talk about LEADS and write our rough drafts. In addition, we will be preparing for our writing benchmark, which is Wednesday, November 29. Social Studies: After completing the unit on Native Americans in Texas, the students have been offered an extra credit opportunity which is to create a possible "menu" for an imaginary restaurant their Native American tribe may have had. We will be moving forward with explorers after the writing benchmark. Have a great week! It's the last week before the Thanksgiving holidays!! Where has the time gone? I just wish the outside temperatures would feel a little more "fallish."
This week in LA, we are continuing our focus on drama. Students have become very aware of stage directions written into scripts and are mastering the art of following what they say as they read their lines. We've done many practices in a variety of ways with The Tale of the Too Talkative Turtle and Ranita, the Frog Princess. This week the students will be reading 2 more plays. I've invited them to look for short 2-3 people plays they want to work on in their free time if they'd like. I will let them perform them (readers' theater style-no props or costumes) on Fridays if they let me know ahead of time. In addition to reading, we are working on our first expository writing. The prompt is "What animal do you think would make the best pet? Explain why you think that animal would be a good choice for a pet." We are working on this prompt in small chunks. Today we did a quick list to brainstorm for ideas. In addition we made an observations and beliefs chart, as we learned about last week. This sets each student up for paragraphing, which we will work on tomorrow. Our mini lessons this week in writing include revisiting capitalization, correlative conjunctions (either/or, neither/nor), quotation marks, and irregular plurals. Look for a short homework practice on MONDAY and again on WEDNESDAY to practice those skills. In social studies we are doing a wrap up of the first 8 weeks (regions and Native Americans.) Students finished up their Native American infographics. This week, if time allows, they will add a menu to it. We will present them in a "gallery walk" on Friday. Hello Everyone,
In Language Arts we are working on many objectives. We are wrapping up our study of non fiction text structure as we analyze the last two structure types used by authors. In addition, we will begin our study on drama by reading short plays. Some plays will be read independently, some as partners, and even a couple as a cast of characters. When reenacting a play, we will follow the readers' theater model which means no costumes or props. Students won't even memorize lines. They will read and study the characters ahead of time to determine voice, facial expressions, and body language needed to tell the story from a character's point of view. The writing portion of language arts is still focused on paragraph writing using the various cubing strategies we have been practicing. We are preparing for our first expository piece of writing. We will all be writing to the same prompt, and I will tell you the prompt ahead of time so that you might be able to discuss it with your child and brainstorm some ideas first. In addition to the writing process, we are continuing a focus on prefixes and suffixes and their meanings. We are pulling in Greek and Latin roots as well. These studies help with vocabulary as well as spelling. In social studies we have completed our study of the Native Americans in Texas. I'm waiting for a few more late arrivals of the infographic before we move forward. I will be offering an extension this week for students who would like to extend their learning in this area. Next focus will be European explorers in Texas. Hi Everyone! I hope you enjoyed the weekend of beautiful weather! I wish it would stay like this for a while. :) This week in Language Arts, we are revisiting text features in non fiction passages as we delve a little deeper into non fiction text structure. As we look at how authors organize their writing, we are using graphic organizers to pull out information about the text. We are learning key words that authors use to indicate what type of writing structure is being used, and we are applying that in our own quick writes. In writing specifically, we are practicing each of these text structures with a technique we call "cubing."
Take a look at the PDF above to understand the 6 different types of writing the kids will be doing. Each of these is ONE way to approach a prompt for expository writing. On any given expository, a student may only use two or three of these techniques, but for now, we will practice each of the types and keep examples in our writing folders. It is more powerful taught in conjunction with the same focus in reading.
In Social Studies, the students have been working on Native American infographics (another type of text that utilizes many text features. Students have worked in class for a week, and will finish up this week during reading stations. The infographic is due Friday, November 3. Finally, homework this week (which is to read 25 minutes or more each night) includes a written response. The students are to write 8 GOOD questions to a character. We went over this extensively in class. We agreed that yes/no questions would not be accepted. Questions should be turned in Friday, November 3. Students should use their books to help with spelling, and all questions must be written accurately, with the character who is being asked a question addressed directly. Her is a picture of what we talked about. I hope you all enjoy a three day weekend. I know many of you I will see on Monday for conferences, while others of you chose a different day. For those of you who opted not to have a conference, I will send the completed form home for you to keep on Tuesday.
The work we have been doing during Week 7 was more in depth than I had first thought it would be. Therefore in LA we will continue to work on our poetry reading and our poetry collection. Students will be completing 5 types of poems this week. One of them is a completed draft at this time. In addition to that focus, students continue to work in stations to practice dictionary skills, poetry analysis, non-fiction reading, vocabulary, "Show Don't Tell" writing station, and a social studies station based on the first native people who lived in Texas. Our transparencies came in on the 6th, so we will finally get to do our Texas map overlays project. It's all in class, so don't worry, Mom and Dad. :) Check out the upcoming dates to see what's going on at Baldwin. Hello Everyone! I hope you had a relaxing weekend. I don't know about you all, but I can't wait until these fall weekends FEEL like fall weekends.
Language Arts this week. . . We will conclude our study of biographies as a genre. We learned about the difference between informational biographies versus literary biographies. I have a large collection of literary biographies in the classroom that are excellent. The kids have really been enjoying them. This week we will take a look back at poetry. We will analyze the elements and identify differences among many types of poems. Students will learn to dig deep and question the author to determine mood, tone and the use of figurative language. In addition to completing final drafts of personal narratives this week, students will begin to write a small collection of poems. During stations, we will focus on these skills as well as reviewing prefixes, suffixes, spelling, and the addition of Latin/Greek roots. Homework every night is to read 25 minutes. TONIGHT, however, the students are to do a quick biography review paper that I gave them. Depending on how long it takes, they might substitute that for tonight's 25 minutes. In Social Studies we will be creating several maps of Texas to analyze where the rivers are, major cities, landforms, and regions. We will use transparencies to make these maps. We are just beginning to learn about some of the prehistoric people that lived in Texas as well. Our state has a longer history than many people realize. Sorry, Everyone. Last week got away from me. I had a draft all ready to upload and apparently forgot to click a button. :(
This week in Language Arts, students will continue to work on spelling patterns, prefixes and suffixes, and elements of a biography during our focus skill time. Students will rotate through stations that include word work, comprehension, poetry analysis, and Social Studies. When students are in station, I am pulling small groups to go over specific areas of weakness in reading. During our writing process, I am working with students individually on their personal narrative drafts that were completed last week. We are learning and applying a new revision technique each day this week Monday through Wednesday, so that we may edit on Thursday and complete final drafts on Friday. Those personal narratives will be available for you to see, as well as the writing processes to get to that point, when we have parent conferences in October. Be on the lookout soon for sign up times. Social Studies is integrated into our language arts block, but our focus now will be on rivers and borders of Texas as well as doing a little research to complete our study of the 4 main regions. Hello, Everyone! I hope you had a fantastic weekend!
Language Arts: This week we will continue our study of realistic fiction, while continuing to find "just right" books to read during StIR (Structured Independent Reading). We are up to reading 20 minutes at a time without losing focus of what we are doing. During StIR, students are given an idea or a task to complete while reading. I pull one student at a time to check in on fluency and comprehension. I also use this time for some higher level questioning. ISIP reading assessments have been completed for September, and I'm using that data to help drive my small group instruction. During small group instruction I will be focusing on specific skills such as understanding plot, determining main characters, looking for moments in the book that create visualization, connections, questions, predictions, or inferences. Students are learning to mark those items with post it notes and continue reading. A big focus this week will be understanding character traits as opposed to physical traits and determining changes a character goes through during a story. Being able to determine character changes ties in directly with being able to determine the theme of the book. All throughout Language Arts, students are involved in writing. Sometimes students are writing responses to questions I've posed about their books. I use versatile questioning strategies that apply to any realistic fiction book so that students can share with each other. They learn so much from each other in these discussions. In addition, students are writing a weekly reader response letter with a specific purpose in mind. You will see a lot of growth during the year in these letters as students learn how to elaborate and prove their thinking with examples from text. In Social Studies we will finish our landmarks project this week. These should be on display for you to see at Back to School Night this Thursday. Students are learning about the four main regions of Texas including the climate, vegetation, and animals that are common to each area. Students will work on a map of Texas identifying the four regions, some major cities and a few rivers as well. Homework this week, if not otherwise written, is to read at least 20 minutes per night. Students are learning that reading is more than just eyes on a page. They should be listening with their minds and hearts, constantly connecting to and thinking about what they read. Hello, Parents! Welcome back for another school year! Please explore this site to see all the information that is available to you during the year. I do my best to update this once a week, usually on Monday afternoons.
This week in Language Arts we are continuing with the "First 20 Days" plans provided by the district. It involves a lot of whole group and small group instruction to help the students set the stage for learning throughout the year. It is a time for me to learn your children as learners (how they learn best, interests, reading level, writing level, etc.) During this time the class does almost the same thing. We will slowly transition into small group instruction where I will be able to meet each child where he/she is academically and bring them ahead in their learning. It will involve a lot of individual, partner, or small group learning in stations on specific objectives that encourage choice/selection by your children. In this way, each child should be challenged at the appropriate level. In these first few weeks, we are setting up for this type of learning, so please be patient with me as we get all our systems in place. Our current focus throughout this week involves building stamina for independent reading while being able to talk about what we read. Students are learning to write reader response letters based on what they read. It is an expectation that students will write a letter once a week. This is something we do in class. In addition, we are learning about the attributes of realistic fiction and how to check out books that are "just right" for our reading level. We visit the library as a class every other Monday, but students are also allowed to go during homeroom or right before recess. In Social Studies, we will be studying the landmarks of Texas and locating them on a map. In addition we will determine what region the landmark is in and why people want to visit it. Homework each night this week is to read 15 minutes. We are charting information on a reading log in class and discussing what we are reading with partners to hold us all accountable. As we get deeper into the first weeks, the description of what we are studying will be more specific. I look forward to seeing you all at Back to School Night, September 14th. Hi Everyone,
We are in the home stretch now. We are completing units of study and doing some extra activities that are fun, but still allow us to learn. This week the students are finishing their mystery writing. It will be the final grade in writing. Most students are writing their stories on Google Drive, so ask them them and they should be able to share it with you. I will grade them as I receive them and send home the graded rubric for you to see. Students are able to see that rubric now. They will turn it in to me to alert me to go to Google Drive and read it, unless they are submitting a handwritten copy. I don't think anyone opted to write it by hand. :) Reading will quickly become history reading as we try to finish up our last couple of units in Texas History which will take us to the 20th century. We are finishing up our cattle drive simulation this week and we will see which cowboy/cowgirl teams made the most money and retained the most number of cows. In writing, as students finish up their mysteries, they will work on a railroad journal. It's a five day entry that shows different people's perspectives on the railroads beginning in Texas. We have a lot of interruptions to our regular schedule from here on out, so our schedule will be a bit choppy. Be on the look out for emails regarding information about the final three days of school as well. This will be my last post on this website this year. Thank you to everyone for your love and support during my first year at Baldwin. You all are the best! Hello, Everyone! I hope you had a nice Mother's Day weekend. It was a wonderfully relaxing time at our house. :)
This week we have a regular schedule Monday through Wednesday. During that time we will continue our study of mysteries. Students have mastered identifying the attributes within stories. Now they are working on comprehension skills in mysteries. In addition, we began planning for a mystery that we will be writing. Tomorrow we will continue planning, and I'll meet with students to be sure they have a plan that works. Then they'll have time to write, write, write. This time students will be given two options. They may hand write their drafts, or they may create their drafts on the Chrome books using Google Docs. In this way, you can see what they are doing right along with them. For homework, the kids have a relatively simple mystery with some questions. The last question requires a written response that they can do on the back. This is due Friday, May 19th. In addition to writing our mysteries, we will continue our study of Greek and Latin roots. Students are keeping a record of the ones we learn, along with a definition and a picture symbol to remember the meaning. In Social Studies, we are moving into the time of Reconstruction followed by frontier life in Texas. Students will learn about ranching and farming, the invention of barbed wire, and how the railroads changed daily life for farmers and ranchers. We will do a simulation of the cattle drive so that students might see how difficult it was for ranchers to move cattle from one location to another. This Thursday is Track and Field Day. I'm making sense of all the information that was given to me right now, but if you have questions, I'll do my best to answer them. I think they are looking for parent volunteers, so if you are willing and able, you might contact Mrs. Spellman. This Friday is Brilliant Bobcat day. It's our last one for the year. Your students will choose the activity in which they want to participate Thursday. We are still stamping our rewards charts daily for students to earn a number of fun activities the last few days of school. In order to earn a stamp, a student needs to have not lost a paw. I stamp the charts for the behavior from the day prior. If your child hasn't missed anything, he/she should be stamped up to the word "drink." Three "oops" days are built in as well for absences and days when behavior wasn't up to par. Our hope is that all students will participate in as much as possible. Hello, Everyone! I hope you all enjoyed a nice, relaxing weekend before the craziness of this school week! I'll keep this short and sweet...
Our schedule is bonkers. The end. No, but seriously, Monday and Tuesday we will not be switching classes due to STAAR testing. The afternoons are filled with lunch, specials, recess, and a read aloud both days. On Thursday and Friday we have two field trips. Thursday's is a walking field trip to Bear Lake. Thank you to all of you who agreed to chaperone. I'm guessing we will be leaving between 9 and 9:30, as the activities begin at 9:30. There will be teachers from Keep Austin Beautiful to teach the classes in groups at various stations. If you offered to chaperone, please meet us there or plan to walk with us from the foyer of the school. You'll need good walking shoes and a water bottle. Hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen are all fine. Friday's trip is an art field trip to Umlauf Gardens. I'm told the kids will get a chance to sketch some art with Mr. Mader on this trip. We will load the buses at Baldwin at 9:15, planning to arrive at Umlauf and begin promptly at 10:00. If you are chaperoning, again, thank you! Please meet us there (or follow the buses). That leaves Wednesday. Mrs. Spencer and I plan to keep our regular schedule that day to put a bit of normalcy back into the week. :) We will be doing a variety of activities, mostly surrounding Reconstruction after the Civil War. Please check the Upcoming Dates as often as you need, as I will update any changes as I know of them. To all the mothers out there, Happy Mother's Day this Sunday! I hope your kids spoil you rotten! Hi Parents,
This week is probably one of the last "normal" weeks we will have this year. There is a LOT getting ready to happen! I will update the Upcoming Events page as soon as I have new information for you. You should have received paperwork for one of our field trips next week. Did you know we actually have a SECOND field trip next week as well? The information regarding that trip is going home today. This week in Language Arts we are cycling through some of our previously taught concepts in reading through stations. This gives me an opportunity to work with small groups and check for understanding on a variety of tasks we learned earlier in the year. In addition we have done some practice with paired passages to ensure the students have the needed skills to work through that portion of the STAAR test next week. Typically, the paired passages portion of the test is the most challenging for students due to the sustained attention they must have to read and go back into the text often to check for answers. Students know how to apply and show strategies. This helps them check for accuracy and know that they are correct when they select their answers. Many of the answer choices are similar. It takes a very critical eye, as well as determination and stamina, to work successfully. ALL students can do it. All are prepared. Just remind your kiddos to take their time and do the best they can. We have been doing quite a bit of perspective writing in class, and I'm absolutely amazed at the voice and creativity I'm seeing in your children's work. The latest perspective writing was yesterday. Students were asked to write from the point of view of a farmer in 1861 who had to make a choice about whether to fight with the Union army or the Confederate army. They incorporated what they had learned about what each side was fighting for in their writing. Some chose to write a story, some a journal, but so many used voice and tried to include lingo they thought portrayed a farmer of the time. This is a group of fantastic writers! In Social Studies we are finishing up our study of Texas in the Civil War. Many students are still very curious about the war. They will learn more about it next year in American History, but there are so many great websites out there that they can access through the Cloud for further study. Enjoy the rest of your week! Well, sorry about that. I just realized I never updated this page last week. Hopefully the kids kept you updated on what we were doing in class. This week...
Language Arts: We are fine tuning some skills that we learned throughout the year. These are some skills that still give many students trouble from time to time. They include figurative language, context clues, and root words/affixes. I've developed 5 stations that are allowing students to work on these skills this week while sharing ideas with their peers. It's often learned better when kids get to talk to each other about what they are learning. I'm checking in with all of these groups as well as pulling some small groups to go over some test taking strategies in their areas of need in reading. On Mondays I'm sending a STAAR like reading assignment home. This week it is due Thursday. While I really want the kids to work independently, feel free to check in on them. I have a few kiddos who are not showing any strategies and guessing incorrectly on questions. They all have the necessary tools to locate information in a text and answer questions accurately. We are also going to be looking at perspective writing. Some of this will be serious and based on Texas History and some will be more fun and creative like writing from the point of view of a pencil. Social Studies: We are learning about Texas as a frontier and how the the state got involved in the Civil War. Hello Parents, I hope you had a nice weekend. I can't thank you all enough for all the outpouring of kindness last week. WOW! You all spoiled me with lunch and breakfast, sweet treats and gift cards, letters and flowers. My heart (and my tummy) are full. Thank you so much for your generosity and your sweet kiddos that you share with me each and every day. This is a short week. There is no school this Friday in observance of Good Friday. In Language Arts we will be focusing on paired passages. Often we are given more than one point of view on a topic, and it's important to be able to understand them separately, as well as notice the similarities and differences between the two texts. This week I am showing students what that might look like in a testing format and teaching them a powerful strategy for answering questions that compare and contrast the passages. Homework this week is as always, which is to read at least 30 minutes a night, uninterrupted. There is also a little comprehension practice coming home today that is due Thursday. It's two short passages (non comparative) and questions. In writing we are reviewing something we studied earlier in the year: prefixes and suffixes. It's important to mentally isolate a prefix and/or suffix when breaking down a larger or unfamiliar word. Break it down to the base word to determine the meaning. Add the prefix back on to supplement or change the meaning. Add the suffix back on to determine the verb tense or part of speech. In Social Studies we will be doing some research on one of the Texans buried in the Texas State Cemetery. There are people from many categories including senators, governors, Texas Rangers, signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence, authors, etc. Each student will be given the name of one of these Texas greats to read about and create a foldable about. Students will take those foldables to our field trip next week where we will break into small groups and find our assigned persons' tombstone. There students will teach their small group about him/her. I haven't been on this field trip before, so I'm really looking forward to it. I know we will need chaperones in order to have the groups small enough. More information will come home this week. In addition to our research, We will be reading Week 21. Texas is a new state, the 48th in fact. When it was admitted to the Union, the president was Polk. Students will learn what it was like as a brand new state. Because Texas was a republic, they have a couple of special rules. See if your child can tell you at the end of this week. Hello, Everyone! Sorry for the late posting. I was unexpectedly out yesterday with one of my children. Here is what is going on this week...
Language Arts: We are continuing our study on Media Literacy. Last week the students determined that there were many ways the media is in our lives. Now that technology is such a big part of our lives, that is likely the number one way media touches us every day. The students are practicing understanding information from different types of media. This week the students are learning about "rebranding," or looking at ways we can reuse an object. We started with a short activity involving a paperclip. Ask your kids to explain what we did. They had a lot of fun with it. Now the students are repurposing or rebranding an object in their desks and planning an advertisement. Tomorrow they will begin creating the ad. Part of writing this week will involve the persuasive writing needed to support the advertisement. In addition, we will be doing some free writing and group writing. Social Studies: Students are finishing up brochures this week comparing Sam Houston and Mirabeau B Lamar as the first presidents of Texas. In addition we are looking at the pros and cons of statehood as seen from a Texan's point of view. I'm getting grades posted as soon as I can so that you might be able to see whether your child is missing any assignments. I will be posting a list in my room of what is missing. Students who do not complete the missing assignments by Friday will stay in for Flex Friday with me and work on them. Hi Everyone! This is it! The moment we've been preparing for all year...the moment your child will shine and show the STAAR who's boss! We've written all year. We've planned, revised, and edited too. The kids have everything they need to pass this test. All I ask is that they use their time, apply their strategies, and do their very best. That's all anyone can ask, right? Other than the test tomorrow, this week the students will do some fun, creative types of writing later in the week We will also be starting a new topic in reading, which is media literacy. We will take a look at different types of media and determine what is out there. Is it real? Is it meant to inform or is it entertaining? What do creators of commercials and advertisements do to get our attention? Our introduction to this is through a website by PBS kids. In social studies, we haven't gotten as far as I would have liked last week, so we are still looking at the Republic of Texas and identifying the strengths and weaknesses the leaders faced. We will also decide which of the first two presidents (Sam Houston and Mirabeau B. Lamar) did the better job? It will be an opinion, but the students will need to cite facts from a variety of sources to support their opinion. One source I'd like them to look at before Thursday is on the Google Classroom. I uploaded a slide show that one of our students actually found while doing a search. :) Thank you to all who sent up snacks for our test. We actually received plenty of salty snacks. Since some of them don't have expiration dates until sometime in the fall, I will save the extra for the reading and math STAAR tests in early May. The students will still want to bring their water bottles tomorrow. If your child feels like gum helps them concentrate, I'm alright with that for tomorrow, but I'd like them NOT to share it with others, as it wouldn't be fair unless they had enough for everyone. Thanks for understanding. Thank you so much to Christy Zimmerman and Renee Sommers for taking down and covering up all things writing related for me. This is typically something I can take care of all by myself. 3 more weeks of this blasted scooter/crutches! Hello, Everyone! I hope you all had a restful, enjoyable spring break. I can't say that mine was filled with excitement, but I was waited on hand and foot, no pun intended, as I began my healing after foot surgery. Thank you for the card and flowers that were delivered right to my door by Katie Sisk. So sweet. I've missed my kids, and I'm ready to get back to work this week. I will be moving a little slower, as I am not allowed to put any weight on my left foot for 5 more weeks. I will resort to crutches, a scooter, and a lot of help from teammates escorting my class around the building as needed. REPORT CARDS go home Monday! This week in Language Arts, we will be revisiting expository texts through current articles in our Storyworks subscriptions. The articles are always interesting to students and cover topics that are current and important. There are many opportunities to practice our comprehension skills through utilizing the text features often included in these types of articles. Students will also try their hands at adding their own text features to a piece they began writing before spring break. We will do some editing and revising practice in class as well in preparation for next week's STAAR writing test (March 28). The kids have worked hard all year and have the skills necessary to do very well. Personally, my own goal for them was to increase their writing and develop their skills throughout the year which they have done quite successfully. In Social Studies we will review the Texas Revolution as it ended with the Battle at San Jacinto. Students will use Week 18 of Texas Studies Weekly to take a short quiz on the revolution. We will begin in class on Monday, and students will be able to finish at home with a due date of Wednesday. Next we will look at the Republic of Texas, its leaders, and its challenges as a new country. |
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May 2019
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